Abrasive Selection Principles

 Abrasive Selection

Abrasives are the main body of cutting in the process of grinding. They are directly responsible for cutting work and are the fundamental factor for the grinding wheel to grind. Abrasives must have high hardness, heat resistance, thermal stability and chemical stability, as well as a certain toughness so that they can withstand a certain grinding force.

Abrasive Selection Principles

When grinding materials with high tensile strength, it is beneficial to use corundum abrasives with greater toughness. When grinding materials with low tensile strength, it is beneficial to use brittle silicon carbide-based abrasives.

In addition to considering the tensile strength of the workpiece material, the hardness of the workpiece material is also the main selection basis when selecting abrasives. Generally speaking, the hardness of the abrasive should be more than 2-4 times higher than the hardness of the workpiece material, otherwise, the abrasive grains with lower hardness will be quickly passivated during high-speed cutting and lose the cutting ability, which will make the wheel durability too low and affect the cutting efficiency, and the processing quality cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, the higher the hardness of the workpiece material, the higher the hardness of the abrasive should be.


The selection of abrasive properties should also take into account the possible chemical reactions of the grinding process system. In the grinding contact area, abrasives, binders, workpiece materials, grinding fluids and air are prone to spontaneous chemical reactions under the catalytic action of grinding temperature and grinding force. When steel is used, the abrasive wear is faster than that of corundum abrasive when grinding steel. The main reason for this is the strong chemical reaction between the silicon carbide abrasive and the steel.
In addition, the thermal stability of the abrasive should also be considered when selecting an abrasive. When grinding some hard-to-grind materials, when the grinding zone tends to generate higher temperature, the abrasive used should have better high temperature hardness retention.

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